The ADDIE model is a common approach widely used in the development of instructional courses and training programs. It provides clearly defined stages for the effective implementation of instruction at a fairly high level for instructional designers, educators, etc. ADDIE (an acronym for Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate) is a 5 stage sequential model that depends upon the successful completion of the preceding phase.
Furthermore, ADDIE is a repetitious feedback model that returns the results of the Evaluation Phase back to its origin. If the Evaluation Phase shows that the module has inadequacies then those inadequacies are returned and reanalyzed. Further design and development efforts follow, until the course meets organizational needs.
Furthermore, ADDIE is a repetitious feedback model that returns the results of the Evaluation Phase back to its origin. If the Evaluation Phase shows that the module has inadequacies then those inadequacies are returned and reanalyzed. Further design and development efforts follow, until the course meets organizational needs.
The beginning phase of the ADDIE model is Analysis/Analyze and can be used to cover a broad area. “It is during this step that the user can determine who the learners are, what knowledge gaps exist, and what it is that they need to learn” (Manning & Johnson, 2011, p. 11). In other words, instructional objectives are created. However, this can be a daunting task. Because of the sheer size, the Analysis Phase is usually broken up into the four sections as follows:
1. Instructional Goals
2. Instructional Analysis
3. Learner Analysis
4. Learning Objectives
1. Instructional Goals
- This is basically your starting point. A well-defined goal can save lots of time and effort by defining what you want to accomplish.
2. Instructional Analysis
- This section is where all of the necessary steps are defined to carry out the instructional goals. It is illustrated in the form of a chart or diagram and helps to outline the instructional goal.
3. Learner Analysis
- Learner Analysis is a section where the user finds out what students already know. Finding out how much knowledge students have about the subject lets the user know how much he or she needs to teach them.
4. Learning Objectives
- A learning objective is a statement of what the student should be able to do once instruction is complete. It is usually defined by a definitive statement such as: “By the time a student finished this course, he or she should be able to ______”
What learning objectives must be accomplished by learners in order to achieve the complete outcomes, and what activities must be undertaken by instructors and learners to accomplish those objectives? These are some of the questions answered by the Design Phase. The Design Phase is the organized process of researching, planning, and identifying the design of the course objectives. It involves the designing of assessments, choosing a course format, and creating an instructional strategy. This is typically the part of the process where detailed samples are developed and the design, appearance, and content are determined.
The third stage of the process, The Development Phase, is the actual production and assembly of the materials that were developed in the Design Phase. At this stage it is important to include whoever is responsible for which components, time schedules, and goals. In this phase all multimedia and course materials are collected, prepared, created, and primed to be tested. This stage involves the development of resources into samples that will be used in a “trial run”.
The Implementation Phase is the fourth phase in the model and is where the developed course is actually, for lack of a better term, implemented. This is the part of the process where the final product, developed based on needs and errors discovered while testing the sample, is presented to the learner. During this phase it is important to make the learner feel comfortable. A few examples of this are listed below:
- Making sure all the tools and knowledge is in place, such as applicable books, equipment, and resources for successful completion.
- Arranging the learning space by testing equipment and confirming that it is functioning properly
- Making sure any instructors have been trained in course curriculum, learning outcomes, method of delivery, and testing procedures.
The last phase in the model is Evaluation. This is the part of the process that considers feedback from the learners used to measure reaction, identify what is working, and determine the effectiveness and quality of the delivery. It is designed to fine-tune your model and validates the efficiency of the materials used and whether the course satisfied its objectives. It defines whether learning went as planned and allows you to make revisions based on any problems that may have emerged. It is usually comprised of both formative and summative evaluations and can be used throughout the process.
References
Castagnolo C. (2014). The ADDIE Model – Why Use It? Retrieved from http://www.callcenterbestpractices.com/the-addie-model-why-use-it/
Manning, S., & Johnson, K.E. (2011). The Technology Toolbelt for Teaching. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
RTO Intelligence Blog. Retrieved from: http://www.rtointelligence.com.au/instructionaldesign.html
Castagnolo C. (2014). The ADDIE Model – Why Use It? Retrieved from http://www.callcenterbestpractices.com/the-addie-model-why-use-it/
Manning, S., & Johnson, K.E. (2011). The Technology Toolbelt for Teaching. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
RTO Intelligence Blog. Retrieved from: http://www.rtointelligence.com.au/instructionaldesign.html
